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老年慢病精准护理重点领域研究进展
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基金项目: 国家重点研发计划（No.2020YFC2008801）和中国博士后科学基金项目（No.2022TQ0017，2022M720303）资助
Latest Findings in Key Research Areas of Precision Nursing for Chronic Diseases in Older Adults
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摘要: 生物医学大数据时代的到来推动了精准护理的发展。老年慢病精准护理是结合多学科的交叉研究领域，其运用精准的个体化数据对老年慢性病高危人群开展早期筛查和健康管理，提早干预疾病，对改善疾病预后，提高老年人群健康水平有重要作用。本文梳理了精准护理的理念，介绍了老年慢病精准护理重点领域癌症患者精准症状管理和老年共病患者精准护理的研究进展。目前，癌症患者的精准症状管理研究主要包括症状的风险预测模型、纵向变化轨迹、核心症状识别等，从风险预测、干预时机和干预靶点等方面对癌症患者的精准护理进行探索。慢性病共病的精准护理研究主要包括慢性病共病评估、共病模式识别、共病健康管理等方面。研究进一步展望了精准护理未来可能的机遇与挑战，以期为精准护理的实践和理论完善提供科学依据。未来精准护理将在发现病因线索、疾病的诊断和治疗、研究人群健康和促进医学研究等多方面发挥更加重要的作用。Abstract: The advent of the era of biomedical big data has helped promote the development of precision nursing. Precision nursing for chronic diseases in older adults is an interdisciplinary research field in which accurate individualized data are utilized to carry out early screening and health management of older adult populations at high risk for chronic diseases and early intervention of diseases, which plays an important role in improving the prognosis of diseases and the health level of the older adult population. Herein, we introduced the concept of precision nursing, and discussed the latest research findings in the key areas of precision nursing for chronic diseases in older adults, including precision symptom management in cancer patients and precision nursing in older patients with multimorbidity. At present, research concerning precise symptom management of cancer patients is mainly focused on prediction modelling for risks of symptoms, longitudinal change trajectories, core symptom identification, etc. Investigations in the precise nursing of cancer patients are conducted in the following areas, risk prediction, the timing of interventions, and intervention targets. Research on precision nursing for multimorbidity is mainly focused on assessment of chronic disease multimorbidity, multimorbidity pattern recognition, and health management of multimorbidity. We also discussed potential opportunities and challenges of precision nursing in the future, in order to provide a scientific basis for the improving the practice and theories of precision nursing. In the future, precision nursing will play an ever more important role in uncovering pathogenic information, the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, the health of the research population, and the promotion of medical research.
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