koko体育app
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摘要: 近年来灾害频发，包括自然灾害和人为灾害。灾害摧毁了当地居民所拥有的资源和期望，对灾民的身心均造成了不同程度的损伤，部分灾民的创伤后应激障碍持续存在。人文关怀是护理的本质和核心，护理人员从患者的需求和意愿出发，尊重患者的价值，给予患者真诚的关心和照护，满足患者的合理需求，可以保护患者的尊严，激发其积极的内在驱动力，减轻其身心痛苦，促进其康复。然而现有研究鲜少就灾害发生后各个阶段的人文关怀护理进行阐述，缺乏相关指导。本综述通过探寻灾害发生后应对阶段和恢复阶段受灾者的特点和需求，阐述灾害发生后院前急救（包括现场急救和转运途中）、院内救治（包括人文关怀环境，对患者和患者家属、尤其是特殊人群的人文关怀护理）和院后恢复阶段（包括医院延续性和社区内）实施人文关怀护理的具体可行措施，以期在重大灾害事件发生时为护理人文关怀实践提供指导和借鉴。Abstract: Disasters, including natural disasters and man-made ones, occur rather frequently in recent years. Disasters bring destruction to the resources and expectations of local residents and cause varying degrees of physical and mental damage to the victims, some of whom suffered persistent post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Human caring is the essence and core of nursing. Giving consideration to the needs and wishes of patients, the nursing staff respect the personal values of patients, give patients sincere attention and care, satisfy the reasonable needs of patients, protect the dignity of patients, stimulate patients' positive inner drive, alleviate their physical and mental pain, and facilitate the smooth recovery of patients. However, very few studies have been done to look into the human caring at various stages after a disaster hit and there is little relevant guidance available. Herein, we examined the characteristics and needs of victims of disasters in the post-disaster response stage and recovery stage and elaborated on specific and feasible measures for the implementation of human caring after disasters, including prehospital emergency care, which includes on-the-site emergency care and transportation of patients, in-hospital treatment, which includes an environment of human caring and human caring for patients and their families, especially for the special-needs populations, and post-hospital recovery stage, which includes post-hospital continuing and community-based human caring. We intend to provide guidance and reference for the practice of human caring when major disasters occur.
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Key words:
- Disasters /
- Stress disorders, post-traumatic /
- Human caring /
- Nursing services /
- Review
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